A plunge in exports and the worst growth rates for a decade have fuelled concerns about the outlook for Singapore's economy, with analysts saying the figures offer a warning that Asia is heading for a slowdown as China-United States (US) tensions bite.
While it may be one of the smallest countries in the world, the export hub is highly sensitive to external shocks and has long been viewed as a barometer of the global demand for goods and services.
The affluent city-state is highly dependent on trade and has traditionally been one of the first places in Asia to be hit during global downturns – with ripples typically spreading out across the region.
The latest signs are not good. In June exports collapsed 17.3 percent from a year earlier, the fastest decline in more than six years, led by a fall in shipments of computer chips.
That followed a shock 3.4 percent quarter-on-quarter contraction in gross domestic product (GDP) in the second quarter. Year-on-year growth came in at just 0.1 percent, the slowest pace since 2009 during the global financial crisis.
"Singapore is the canary in the coal mine," Song Seng Wun, a regional economist with CIMB Private Banking, said. "And what it tells us is that it is a tough environment."
To warn of danger, miners used to bring caged canaries underground with them as the birds would die in the presence of even a small amount of poisonous gas – signalling to workers that they should make a swift exit.
While steadily weakening growth in China is partly to blame for a slowdown in exports, analysts say the trade war between the US and China, the world's two biggest economies, has dramatically worsened the situation.
Beijing and Washington have slapped each other with punitive tariffs covering more than US$360 billion in two-way trade.
'No winners in trade war'
While Singapore – a transit point for products heading to and from Western markets as well as the Asian base for manufacturers of some hi-tech goods – may be showing the strain most, negative data has emerged throughout the region.
Exports have been slipping across Asia. In India they plummeted 9.7 percent in June, in Indonesia, Southeast Asia's biggest economy, they dropped 8.9 percent in the same month while in South Korea they slipped 10.7 percent in May.
Governments have slashed economic growth forecasts, and gauges in several countries measuring activity in the manufacturing and services sectors paint a bleak picture.
Central banks are moving to spur domestic consumption, with Indonesia and South Korea cutting interest rates Thursday, the latest in Asia to lower borrowing costs.
Singapore's central bank is seen as likely to ease monetary policy at an October meeting, and some economists are predicting the country could fall into recession next year.
"There are no winners in this trade war. While most of the attention has focused on the trade conflict between China and the United States, the damage has not been confined to these two economies," business consultancy IHS Markit said in a commentary.
"Exports from Asia's key emerging and advanced countries have taken hits in the first half of 2019."
Exports in the doldrums
The US-China tensions have upended the complex supply chains that underpin the modern system of global trade.
They have hit Chinese demand for raw materials and other goods that were traditionally sent to the country to be manufactured into finished products and shipped on to other markets, including the US.
In Asia, these range from palm oil from Indonesia to semiconductors from Singapore.
Chinese manufacturers have been forced to curb imports as their own exports to the US have fallen due to the tariffs.
It comes at a time that demand for imports of raw materials in China had slowed anyway as the economy loses steam – it expanded 6.2 percent in the second quarter, its weakest pace in almost three decades.
While Singapore is particularly vulnerable to a slowdown in the global economy, it has traditionally bounced back strongly. After contracting in 2009 during the global financial crisis, the city-state's economy grew by 14.5 percent in 2010.
But the near future could be turbulent.
Nomura, the Japanese brokerage, said in a note that "Asian exports should remain in the doldrums in (the) coming months". - AFP